constants.hpp

//
// libsemigroups - C++ library for semigroups and monoids
// Copyright (C) 2019-2026 James D. Mitchell
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
//
//
// This file contains functionality for various constant values used in
// libsemigroups.
 
// TODO(later)
// 1. NegativeInfinity could be comparable with unsigned integers (always <).
// 2. specialisation of operator<< for ostringstream for better printing. I
//    couldn't immediately get this to work.
 
#ifndef LIBSEMIGROUPS_CONSTANTS_HPP_
#define LIBSEMIGROUPS_CONSTANTS_HPP_
 
#include <cinttypes>    // for int64_t
#include <limits>       // for numeric_limits
#include <type_traits>  // for is_integral
 
namespace libsemigroups {
  namespace detail {
 
    struct Min {
      template <typename T>
      constexpr T operator()() const noexcept {
        static_assert(std::is_integral_v<T>,
                      "can only call Min with an integral type");
        return std::numeric_limits<T>::min();
      }
    };
 
    struct Max {
      template <typename T>
      constexpr T operator()() const noexcept {
        static_assert(std::is_integral_v<T>,
                      "can only call Max with an integral type");
        return std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
      }
    };
 
    template <int64_t TOffset, typename TMaxOrMin>
    struct Constant {
      static_assert(std::is_same_v<TMaxOrMin, Max>
                        || std::is_same_v<TMaxOrMin, Min>,
                    "template parameter TMaxOrMin must be Max or Min");
 
      Constant()                           = default;
      Constant(Constant const&)            = default;
      Constant(Constant&&)                 = default;
      Constant& operator=(Constant const&) = default;
      Constant& operator=(Constant&&)      = default;
      ~Constant()                          = default;
 
      // We use SFINAE here so that <Constant> is only implicitly converted to
      // <T> when <T> satisfies a strict set of conditions. This is necessary as
      // some incorrect implicit conversions were happening in the Python
      // bindings.
      template <typename T,
                typename
                = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_enum_v<T> && std::is_integral_v<T>
                                       && (std::is_signed_v<T>
                                           || std::is_same_v<TMaxOrMin, Max>),
                                   T>>
      constexpr operator T() const noexcept {
        return TMaxOrMin().template operator()<T>() + TOffset;
      }
    };
  }  // namespace detail

  // Constant values


  using Undefined = detail::Constant<0, detail::Max>;

  using PositiveInfinity = detail::Constant<-1, detail::Max>;

  using LimitMax = detail::Constant<-2, detail::Max>;

  using NegativeInfinity = detail::Constant<0, detail::Min>;

  extern Undefined const UNDEFINED;

  extern PositiveInfinity const POSITIVE_INFINITY;

  extern LimitMax const LIMIT_MAX;

  extern NegativeInfinity const NEGATIVE_INFINITY;

  // Operators for all constants
 
  // Note that for some reason Catch requires that the comparison functions are
  // in the namespace detail.
 
#ifndef LIBSEMIGROUPS_PARSED_BY_DOXYGEN
  namespace detail {
 
    // operator==
    // No SFINAE required, since the functions delegated to don't exist.
    template <int64_t R, typename S, typename T>
    constexpr bool operator==(Constant<R, S> const& lhs,
                              T const&              rhs) noexcept {
      return lhs.operator T() == rhs;
    }
 
    template <int64_t R, typename S, typename T>
    constexpr bool operator==(T const&              lhs,
                              Constant<R, S> const& rhs) noexcept {
      return rhs.operator T() == lhs;
    }
 
    template <int64_t R1, typename S1, int64_t R2, typename S2>
    constexpr bool operator==(Constant<R1, S1> const&,
                              Constant<R2, S2> const&) noexcept {
      return std::is_same_v<S1, S2> && R1 == R2;
    }
 
    // operator!=
    // No SFINAE required, since the functions delegated to don't exist.
    template <int64_t R, typename S, typename T>
    constexpr bool operator!=(Constant<R, S> const& lhs,
                              T const&              rhs) noexcept {
      return !(lhs == rhs);
    }
 
    template <int64_t R, typename S, typename T>
    constexpr bool operator!=(T const&              lhs,
                              Constant<R, S> const& rhs) noexcept {
      return !(lhs == rhs);
    }
 
    template <int64_t R1, typename S1, int64_t R2, typename S2>
    constexpr bool operator!=(Constant<R1, S1> const& lhs,
                              Constant<R2, S2> const& rhs) noexcept {
      return !(lhs == rhs);
    }
 
    // operator>
    // No SFINAE required, since the functions delegated to don't exist.
    template <int64_t R, typename S, typename T>
    constexpr bool operator>(Constant<R, S> const& lhs, T const& rhs) noexcept {
      return rhs < lhs;
    }
 
    template <int64_t R, typename S, typename T>
    constexpr bool operator>(T const& lhs, Constant<R, S> const& rhs) noexcept {
      return rhs < lhs;
    }
 
    template <int64_t R, typename S>
    constexpr bool operator>(Constant<R, S> const&,
                             Constant<R, S> const&) noexcept {
      return false;
    }
 
    template <int64_t R, typename S>
    constexpr bool operator<(Constant<R, S> const&,
                             Constant<R, S> const&) noexcept {
      return false;
    }
    // No further operator< for Constant and Constant unless given explicitly

    // Operators for specific constants
 
    // PositiveInfinity is not less than any integral value, or
    // NegativeInfinity.
    template <typename T, typename SFINAE = bool>
    constexpr auto operator<(PositiveInfinity const&, T const&) noexcept
        -> std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>
                                || std::is_same_v<NegativeInfinity, T>,
                            SFINAE> {
      return false;
    }
 
    // Every integral value, and negative infinity, is less than
    // PositiveInfinity.
    template <typename T, typename SFINAE = bool>
    constexpr auto operator<(T const&, PositiveInfinity const&) noexcept
        -> std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>
                                || std::is_same_v<NegativeInfinity, T>,
                            SFINAE> {
      return true;
    }
 
    // NegativeInfinity is less than every integral value.
    template <typename T, typename SFINAE = bool>
    constexpr auto operator<(NegativeInfinity const&, T const&) noexcept
        -> std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>, SFINAE> {
      return true;
    }
 
    // No integral value is less than NegativeInfinity.
    template <typename T, typename SFINAE = bool>
    constexpr auto operator<(T const&, NegativeInfinity const&) noexcept
        -> std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>, SFINAE> {
      return false;
    }
 
    // LimitMax is compared by implicit conversion with any integral value.
    template <typename T, typename SFINAE = bool>
    constexpr auto operator<(LimitMax const& lhs, T const& rhs) noexcept
        -> std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>, SFINAE> {
      return lhs.operator T() < rhs;
    }
 
    // LimitMax is compared by implicit conversion with any integral value.
    template <typename T, typename SFINAE = bool>
    constexpr auto operator<(T const& lhs, LimitMax const& rhs) noexcept
        -> std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>, SFINAE> {
      return lhs < rhs.operator T();
    }
 
    template <typename T, typename SFINAE = T>
    constexpr auto operator-(LimitMax const& lhs, T const& rhs) noexcept
        -> std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>, SFINAE> {
      return lhs.operator T() - rhs;
    }
 
    template <typename T, typename SFINAE = T>
    constexpr auto operator-(T const& lhs, LimitMax const& rhs) noexcept
        -> std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>, SFINAE> {
      return lhs - rhs.operator T();
    }
 
    // operator>= and operator<= for PositiveInfinity
    // PositiveInfinity is always greater than or equal to any integral.
    template <typename T, typename SFINAE = bool>
    constexpr auto operator>=(PositiveInfinity const&, T const&) noexcept
        -> std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>
                                || std::is_same_v<NegativeInfinity, T>,
                            SFINAE> {
      return true;
    }
 
    // PositiveInfinity is equal to itself.
    constexpr bool operator>=(PositiveInfinity const&,
                              PositiveInfinity const&) noexcept {
      return true;
    }
 
    // PositiveInfinity is never less than or equal to any integral.
    template <typename T, typename SFINAE = bool>
    constexpr auto operator>=(T const&, PositiveInfinity const&) noexcept
        -> std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>
                                || std::is_same_v<NegativeInfinity, T>,
                            SFINAE> {
      return false;
    }
 
    // An integral is never greater than or equal to PositiveInfinity.
    template <typename T, typename SFINAE = bool>
    constexpr auto operator<=(PositiveInfinity const&, T const&) noexcept
        -> std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>
                                || std::is_same_v<NegativeInfinity, T>,
                            SFINAE> {
      return false;
    }
 
    // PositiveInfinity is equal to itself.
    constexpr bool operator<=(PositiveInfinity const&,
                              PositiveInfinity const&) noexcept {
      return true;
    }
 
    // PositiveInfinity is always greater than or equal to any integral.
    template <typename T, typename SFINAE = bool>
    constexpr auto operator<=(T const&, PositiveInfinity const&) noexcept
        -> std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>
                                || std::is_same_v<NegativeInfinity, T>,
                            SFINAE> {
      return true;
    }
 
    // operator>= and operator<= for NegativeInfinity
    // NegativeInfinity is never greater than or equal to any integral value.
    template <typename T, typename SFINAE = bool>
    constexpr auto operator>=(NegativeInfinity const&, T const&) noexcept
        -> std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>, SFINAE> {
      return false;
    }
 
    // NegativeInfinity is equal to itself.
    constexpr bool operator>=(NegativeInfinity const&,
                              NegativeInfinity const&) noexcept {
      return true;
    }
 
    // NegativeInfinity is always less than any integral value.
    template <typename T, typename SFINAE = bool>
    constexpr auto operator>=(T const&, NegativeInfinity const&) noexcept
        -> std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>, SFINAE> {
      return true;
    }
 
    // NegativeInfinity is always less than or equal to any integral.
    template <typename T, typename SFINAE = bool>
    constexpr auto operator<=(NegativeInfinity const&, T const&) noexcept
        -> std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>, SFINAE> {
      return true;
    }
 
    // NegativeInfinity is equal to itself.
    constexpr bool operator<=(NegativeInfinity const&,
                              NegativeInfinity const&) noexcept {
      return true;
    }
 
    // An integral value is never leass than or equal to NegativeInfinity.
    template <typename T, typename SFINAE = bool>
    constexpr auto operator<=(T const&, NegativeInfinity const&) noexcept
        -> std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>, SFINAE> {
      return false;
    }
 
    // operator>= and operator<= for LimitMax
    // LimitMax is always greater than or equal to any integral value.
    template <typename T, typename SFINAE = bool>
    constexpr auto operator>=(LimitMax const&, T const&) noexcept
        -> std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>, SFINAE> {
      return true;
    }
 
    // LimitMax CAN be compared to itself.
    constexpr bool operator>=(LimitMax const&, LimitMax const&) noexcept {
      return true;
    }
 
    // LimitMax is never less than or equal to an integral value.
    template <typename T, typename SFINAE = bool>
    constexpr auto operator>=(T const&, LimitMax const&) noexcept
        -> std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>, SFINAE> {
      return false;
    }
 
    // LimitMax is never less than or equal to an integral value.
    template <typename T, typename SFINAE = bool>
    constexpr auto operator<=(LimitMax const&, T const&) noexcept
        -> std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>, SFINAE> {
      return false;
    }
 
    // LimitMax is equal to itself.
    constexpr bool operator<=(LimitMax const&, LimitMax const&) noexcept {
      return true;
    }
 
    // LimitMax is always greater than or equal to any integral value.
    template <typename T, typename SFINAE = bool>
    constexpr auto operator<=(T const&, LimitMax const&) noexcept
        -> std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>, SFINAE> {
      return true;
    }
 
    // operator>= and operator<= for Undefined
    // Undefined can be compared to itself.
    constexpr bool operator<=(Undefined const&, Undefined const&) noexcept {
      return true;
    }
 
    // Undefined is always equal to itself.
    constexpr bool operator>=(Undefined const&, Undefined const&) noexcept {
      return true;
    }
  }     // namespace detail
#endif  // LIBSEMIGROUPS_PARSED_BY_DOXYGEN
}  // namespace libsemigroups
#endif  // LIBSEMIGROUPS_CONSTANTS_HPP_